IGF::OT::IGF WE WILL DESIGN, PROTOTYPE, AND TEST A VARIETY OF ASTEROID SIMULANTS NEEDED TO VALIDATE MOST ASPECTS OF ASTEROID ISRU PROCESSES. THESE INCLUDE PHYSICAL SIMULANTS FOR EXCAVATION, TRANSFER, AND PREPARATION (INCLUDING COMMINUTION); CHEMICAL/MINERALOGICAL/VOLATILE SIMULANTS FOR PROCESSING TESTS SUCH AS VOLATILES EXTRACTION, METALS EXTRACTION, AND OXYGEN PRODUCTION; AND SIMULANTS TO EVALUATE SCIENTIFIC AND COMMERCIAL INSTRUMENTATION. THE NEED FOR TASK-SPECIFIC ASTEROID SIMULANTS IS ILLUSTRATED BY THE HISTORY OF ILL-DESIGNED AND ILL-APPLIED LUNAR SIMULANTS, AND CURRENT PRACTICES FOR ASTEROID SIMULANTS, WHICH ARE MARKED BY AD-HOC IMPROVISATION THAT FREQUENTLY RESULTS IN AN INABILITY TO COMPARE RESULTS AMONG EXPERIMENTS OR RELIABLY REPEAT EXPERIMENTS FOR CONFIRMATION.