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Award ID | Description | Recipient | Total Value | Awarding Agency | Funding Agency | Set Aside | NAICS | PSC | Award Date | Start Date | End Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXECUTE A BALANCED SCIENCE PROGRAM BASED ON DISCIPLINE-SPECIFIC GUIDANCE FROM THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, ENGINEERING, AND MEDICINE, ADMINISTRATION PRIORITIES, AND DIRECTION FROM CONGRESS. PARTICIPATE AS A KEY PARTNER AND ENABLER IN THE AGENC | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $395,809 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Sep 5, 2025 | Aug 1, 2025 | Jul 31, 2027 | ||
| THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS INITIATIVE IS TO ENHANCE THE ACCESSIBILITY OF NASA-SPONSORED DATASETS FOR CLIMATE MODELING THROUGH THE OBS4MIPS PROJECT. OBS4MIPS AIMS TO MAKE OBSERVATIONAL DATA MORE AVAILABLE AND USEFUL FOR CLIMATE MODEL EVALUATION, DEVELOPMENT, AND RESEARCH BY ALIGNING THESE DATASETS WITH THE STANDARDS OF THE COUPLED MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT (CMIP). THIS ALIGNMENT INVOLVES UPDATING DATA FORMATS, METADATA, AND RE-GRIDDING TO MATCH CMIP STANDARDS, AND ENSURING THESE DATASETS ARE EASILY ACCESSIBLE ALONGSIDE VAST AMOUNTS OF MODEL SIMULATION OUTPUTS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $149,885 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Jul 1, 2025 | May 14, 2025 | May 13, 2026 | ||
| SUPPORTING EUMETSAT IN CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF METOP-SG MWI | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $726,639 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | May 29, 2025 | Mar 1, 2025 | Feb 28, 2030 | ||
| EXTENDING THE AIR/SEA ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLE RECORD WITH OBSERVATIONS FROM TWO NEW SATELLITE MICROWAVE SENSORS: MWI AND AMSR-3 | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $3,000,843 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Nov 27, 2023 | Dec 1, 2023 | Nov 30, 2028 | ||
| EVALUATION OF COWVR AS A COST-EFFECTIVE SENSOR FOR PROVIDING CLIMATE DATA RECORDS OF OCEAN VECTOR WINDS AND OTHER AIR-SEA VARIABLES | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $710,717 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Jun 27, 2023 | Jun 1, 2023 | May 31, 2027 | ||
| A NEW GENERATION OCEAN VECTOR WIND CLIMATE DATA RECORD FOR ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE SIGNATURES | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $751,146 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Jun 26, 2023 | Jun 1, 2023 | May 31, 2027 | ||
| 22-EUSPI22-0003 ASSISTING JAXA WITH THE CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF THE AMSR-3 STANDARD PRODUCTS | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $625,757 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Feb 2, 2023 | Feb 1, 2023 | Jan 31, 2028 | ||
| THE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED WORK IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS FOR OCEAN ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS THAT WILL BE MEASURED BY THE COPERNICUS IMAGING MICROWAVE RADIOMETER (CIMR). THE EUROPEAN CIMR MISSION IS ENTERING PHASE B2/C/D WITH AN | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $522,996 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Feb 18, 2021 | Mar 1, 2021 | Jun 30, 2026 | ||
| OUR PROPOSAL RESPONDS TO THE ACCESS TECHNOLOGY FOCUS AREA 2.1.1.2: CREATION OF TRAINING DATA. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO RECAST THE 32-YEAR RECORD OF SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF THE EARTH S NATURAL MICROWAVE EMISSION INTO DATASETS THAT ARE COMPATIBLE WITH MACHINE LEARNING. THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM CONTAINS A WEALTH OF INFORMATION ON OUR EVER-CHANGING PLANET. FROM PROVIDING INFORMATION ON SEA ICE, TO OCEAN WINDS AND TEMPERATURE, TO ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE, TO SOIL AND VEGETATION COVER, THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM IS UNIQUE AND VITAL TO UNDERSTANDING EARTH. RECORDS OF THESE GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS CAN ALL BE CALCULATED USING A COMBINATION OF OBSERVED MICROWAVE RADIANCES FROM SATELLITES AND RELEVANT ANCILLARY GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS ASSOCIATED WITH THEIR CORRESPONDING EARTH SCENES. HOWEVER, TO ASSEMBLE AND USE THE ENTIRE RECORD OF SATELLITE MICROWAVE OBSERVATIONS, MEASUREMENTS FROM A NUMBER OF DISPARATE INSTRUMENT TYPES NEED TO BE COMBINED. THESE INSTRUMENTS OFTEN DIFFER IN SEEMINGLY ARCANE MEASUREMENT DETAILS, SUCH AS THE EXACT FREQUENCY OF THE MEASUREMENT AND THE ANGLE AT WHICH THE EARTH IS OBSERVED. THIS PRESENTS A CHALLENGE AS MEASUREMENT DIFFERENCES LEAD TO DIFFERENCES IN THE OBSERVED RADIANCES THAT NEED TO BE CHARACTERIZED AND REMOVED BEFORE THE DATA CAN BE COMBINED OR USED IN A COMMON RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM. ANOTHER CHALLENGE IS THAT THE RADIANCE DATA ARE TYPICALLY AVAILABLE IN SWATH FORM, WITH ELLIPTICAL MEASUREMENT FOOTPRINTS THAT ARE IRREGULARLY SPACED IN LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE. THIS MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO COLLOCATE THE MEASUREMENTS TAKEN BY MICROWAVE IMAGING RADIOMETERS WITH OTHER MEASUREMENTS, OR WITH KNOWN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EARTH S SURFACE. BECAUSE OF THESE CHALLENGES, ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT HAS GENERALLY BEEN UNDERTAKEN BY REMOTE SENSING SPECIALISTS, INSTEAD OF ATTRACTING THE ATTENTION OF THE LARGE AND GROWING MACHINE LEARNING COMMUNITY. THE PURPOSE OF THE WORK PROPOSED HERE IS TO PERFORM THE SPECIALIZED WORK THAT CURRENTLY SERVES AS A BARRIER TO MORE WIDESPREAD STUDY OF MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS. THIS WILL LEAD TO THE CREATION OF AN EASY-TO-USE DATASETS WHICH WILL SUBSEQUENTLY BE MADE AVAILABLE TO RESEARCHERS AND OTHER USERS WORLDWIDE. WE PROPOSE TO PERFORM THE FOLLOWING FOR A LARGE COLLECTION OF MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS: ADJUST THE MEASUREMENTS FROM THE DISPARATE INSTRUMENTS SO THAT THEY ARE REFERRED TO A COMMON SET OF FREQUENCIES AT A SINGLE MEASUREMENT ANGLE. RESAMPLE THE MEASUREMENTS (USING A MINIMAL-NOISE TECHNIQUE) ONTO A REGULAR, LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE EARTH GRID. MAKE AVAILABLE (ON AN IDENTICAL GRID) A SET COLLOCATED ANCILLARY VARIABLES THAT WE DEEM LIKELY TO AID ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT. EXAMPLES OF THESE DATA ARE: (II) METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION, INCLUDING ATMOSPHERIC PROFILES OF TEMPERATURE, MOISTURE, THE PRESENCE RAIN, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, AND WIND. (II) INFORMATION ABOUT EARTH S SURFACE, SUCH AS OPEN WATER FRACTION AND LAND USE/LAND COVER. (III) INFORMATIVE QUALITY FLAGS TO AID THE USER IN CULLING MEASUREMENTS THAT ARE INAPPROPRIATE FOR THEIR PURPOSE. RETRIEVE SURFACE EMISSIVITY FOR EACH FREQUENCY USING ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS FROM REANALYSIS ON AN IDENTICAL REGULAR EARTH GRID. USE THESE EMISSIVITIES AND FORWARD MICROWAVE MODELS OF THE ATMOSPHERE TO PRODUCE A SECOND SET OF TRAINING DATA CONSTRUCTED USING DIVERSE, EXACTLY SPECIFIED ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS. ALL OF THIS WOULD BE FREELY PROVIDED IN EASY-TO-USE FORMATS VIA POPULAR WEB INTERFACES TO MAXIMIZE THE POTENTIAL FOR WIDESPREAD USE. TAKEN ALL TOGETHER, WE WOULD PROVIDE 150 SATELLITE-YEARS OF DATA THAT, BY THE END OF THE PROPOSED WORK, WOULD SPAN MORE THAN 35 YEARS OF RECENT EARTH HISTORY. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $1,447,728 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | — | AJ11GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY R&D SERVICES; GENERAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; BASIC RESEARCH | Jan 12, 2021 | Jan 1, 2021 | Dec 31, 2024 | ||
| EVALUATION OF COWVR AS A COST-EFFECTIVE SENSOR FOR OCEAN VECTOR WINDS AND OTHER AIR-SEA VARIABLE. HQS NASA BAA AWARD FOR R&D. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $789,436 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541715Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology) | AR12SPACE R&D SERVICES; SPACE FLIGHT, RESEARCH AND SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES; APPLIED RESEARCH | May 2, 2019 | May 2, 2019 | Oct 2, 2023 | ||
| THIS PROJECT IS TO UPDATE AND EXTEND THE OCEAN VECTOR WIND CLIMATE DATA RECORD. IT WILL INCLUDE UPDATES TO VERSION 8 OF THE SENSOR-SPECIFIC CDRS FOR QUIKSCAT, WINDSAT, AND ASCAT-A WHILE ALSO INCLUDING EXTENSIONS TO ASCAT-B, RAPIDSCAT AND SCATSAT-1. EFFORTS WILL ALSO BE MADE TO IMPROVE THE TUNING/CALIBRATION OF GMFS THROUGH INCLUSION OF SST-DEPENDENCE AT KU-BAND, HIGH-WIND SPEED CALIBRATION THROUGH USE OF SMAP, AND CORRECTIONS RELATED TO RAINFALL. EXTENSIVE INTERCALIBRATION OF ALL SENSOR-SPECIFIC CDRS IS ALSO TO BE UNDERTAKEN. SCIENCE ANALYSES WILL BE PERFORMED WITH RESPECT TO DIURNAL CYCLE VARIABILITY THROUGH LEVERAGING THE CONSTELLATION OF SCATTEROMETERS AND RADIOMETERS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $859,582 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541715Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology) | AP52 | Dec 17, 2018 | Dec 17, 2018 | Dec 16, 2022 | ||
| THIS CONTRACT IS A RESULT OF A NASA RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT AWARD. THE RESEARCH TO BE CONDUCTED UNDER THIS CONTRACT IS TO PROVIDE AN IMPROVED AS-ECV DATASET FOR AMSR-E AND TO DETERMINE HOW CLIMATE OSCILLATIONS AND TRENDS IN THE ATMOSPHERE AFFECT VIIRS TS RETRIEVALS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $709,856 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541715Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology) | B526SPECIAL STUDIES/ANALYSIS- OCEANOLOGICAL | Sep 27, 2018 | Sep 27, 2018 | Sep 26, 2021 | ||
| OT: THIS CONTRACT IS A RESULT OF A NASA RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT AWARD. THE RESEARCH TO BE CONDUCTED UNDER THIS CONTRACT IS TO ADDRESS ISSUES TO FACILITATE THE USE OF CYGNSS WINDS FOR SCIENCE APPLICATIONS, AND ON DEVELOPING A METHOD FOR ASSIMILATING CYGNSS WIND MEASUREMENTS INTO A VECTOR WIND ANALYSIS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $369,458 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541511Custom Computer Programming Services | B526SPECIAL STUDIES/ANALYSIS- OCEANOLOGICAL | Sep 12, 2018 | Sep 12, 2018 | Sep 11, 2021 | ||
| IGF::OT:: IGF THIS CONTRACT IS A RESULT OF A NASA RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT AWARD. THE RESEARCH TO BE CONDUCTED UNDER THIS CONTRACT IS TO IMPROVE SALINITY MEASUREMENTS THAT WERE COLLECTED FROM AQUARIUS AND SMAP UNDER DEGRADED CONDITIONS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $616,885 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541511Custom Computer Programming Services | B526SPECIAL STUDIES/ANALYSIS- OCEANOLOGICAL | Dec 8, 2017 | Dec 11, 2017 | Dec 10, 2020 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF THIS CONTRACT IS A RESULT OF A NASA RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT AWARD. THE INVESTIGATION TO BE CONDUCTED UNDER THIS CONTRACT IS A CONTINUATION OF THE GMI INVESTIGATION THAT WAS FUNDED THROUGH ROSES 2013: PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY SOLICITATION. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE INVESTIGATION IS TO CONTINUE THE PRODUCTION, VALIDATION, AND UTILIZATION OF THE GEOPHYSICAL RETRIEVALS FROM THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT MISSION (GPM) MICROWAVE IMAGER (GMI), WHICH WAS LAUNCHED IN FEBRUARY 2014. THE GMI OBSERVATIONS ARE BEING USED TO PRODUCE SETS OF FIVE AIR-SEA (AS) VARIABLES, ALL OF WHICH ARE CLASSIFIED AS ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLES (ECV) BY THE GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM FOR CLIMATE (GCOS): 1. SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST, C), (MICROWAVE THROUGH-CLOUD RETRIEVALS) 2. NEAR-SURFACE OCEAN WINDS (M/S) 3. TOTAL WATER VAPOR ABOVE THE OCEAN (MM) 4. TOTAL CLOUD WATER ABOVE THE OCEAN (MM) 5. SEA-SURFACE RAIN RATE (MM/HR) HEREIN, THESE DATA PRODUCTS ARE REFERRED TO AS AS-ECV. THE GMI AS-ECV HAVE BEEN INTERCALIBRATED WITH SIMILAR RETRIEVALS FROM 3 OTHER MICROWAVE IMAGERS (TMI, AMSR-2, AND WINDSAT) AND ARE NOW AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF THE 30-YEAR AS CLIMATE DATA RECORD (AS-CDR). GMI HAS AN ADVANCED ON-BOARD CALIBRATION SYSTEM, AND ITS INCLINED ORBIT PROVIDES PRECISE COLLOCATIONS WITH THE OTHER MICROWAVE IMAGERS (MI). ACCORDINGLY, WE EXPECT GMI WILL BE THE ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION REFERENCE FOR THE AS-CDR FOR THE NEXT 1 TO 2 DECADES. THE AS-ECV FROM GMI AND ALL THE OTHER MIS ARE FREELY AVAILABLE VIA THE INTERNET. THIS EFFORT PROPOSES THE FOLLOWING IMPROVEMENTS TO THE GMI PROCESSING ALGORITHMS, WHICH WILL BE IMPLEMENTED TOWARDS THE END OF THE INVESTIGATION: 1. MITIGATION OF SUN GLITTER CONTAMINATION 2. FURTHER MITIGATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE 3. ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR BARS TO AS-ECV 4. EXTENDING THE AS-ECV CLOSER TO LAND (EXPERIMENTAL) A UNIQUE FEATURE OF GMI (AND ITS PREDECESSOR TMI) IS THAT IT SAMPLES THE ENTIRE 24-HOUR DIURNAL CYCLE OF AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS. THE PROPER CHARACTERIZATION OF DIURNAL VARIABILITY IS ESSENTIAL TO UNDERSTANDING THE PLANET'S MOST FUNDAMENTAL HARMONIC. THE ACCURATE REPRESENTATION OF THE COUPLING OF THE OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE CONTINUES TO BE A MAJOR CHALLENGE FOR CLIMATE MODELS. THE AS-CDR IS PARTICULARLY WELL SUITED FOR STUDYING THESE ISSUES BECAUSE IT PROVIDES UNIQUE INFORMATION ON THE AIR-SEA EXCHANGE OF MOMENTUM, ENERGY, AND MOISTURE OVER THE LAST 3 DECADES. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $626,324 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Jun 1, 2017 | Jun 1, 2017 | May 31, 2020 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF THIS NASA RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT AWARD IS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND STUDY OF OCEAN VECTOR WINDS FROM SOIL MOISTURE ACTIVE-PASSIVE (SMAP) WITH A FOCUS ON TROPICAL AND EXTRA-TROPICAL CYCLONES OVER THE OCEAN. AS COMPARED TO MOST OTHER SATELLITE WIND SENSORS, SMAP HAS THE UNIQUE CAPABILITY TO MEASURE HIGH WINDS THROUGH HEAVY RAIN IN STORMS. SMAP COMBINES THE PASSIVE THROUGH-RAIN L-BAND CAPABILITY OF AQUARIUS WITH THE TWO-LOOK POLARIMETRIC CAPABILITY OF WINDSAT INTO A SENSOR THAT IS VERY WELL SUITED FOR MEASURING OCEAN STORM WINDS. WE WANT TO TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY AND ADAPT AND APPLY OUR EXISTING RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS TO SMAP IN ORDER TO PROVIDE THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY WITH A UNIQUE OCEAN VECTOR WIND DATASET. THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATION WILL CONSIST OF: 1) THE AQUARIUS/WINDSAT VECTOR WIND ALGORITHM ADAPTATION TO SMAP; AND 2) AN EXTENSIVE WIND VALIDATION BASED ON COLLOCATED PRODUCTS FROM OTHER SATELLITES AND INSTRUMENTS, INCLUDING THE AIRBORNE STEP FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER (SFMR), NCEP GDAS, AND MEASUREMENTS FROM MOORED BUOYS. EACH SMAP RETRIEVED OCEAN VECTOR WIND WE PRODUCE WILL BE ACCOMPANIED BY A QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATE OF ITS RANDOM AND SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTIES, WHOSE VALUES WE OBTAIN BY RUNNING THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM WITH PERTURBED CONDITIONS. AN ATBD DESCRIBING DETAILS OF THE ALGORITHM STEPS WILL BE PRODUCED AS WELL AS A VALIDATION REPORT AND SCIENTIFIC PAPERS DESCRIBING OUR RESULTS AND PRODUCTS. THE WIND DATA WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY THROUGH WEB AND FTP SITES. USER SUPPORT WILL BE PROVIDED. OUR PROPOSED VECTOR WIND RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM WILL INGEST ONLY SMAP RADIOMETER BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT USING RADAR DATA. PART OF THE STUDY WILL INCLUDE EVALUATING THE LIMITED TIME PERIOD OVER WHICH RADAR BACKSCATTER MEASUREMENTS WERE AVAILABLE AND ASSESS THE PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT IN OCEAN VECTOR WIND RETRIEVALS THAT CAN BE OBTAINED BY COMBINING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SMAP MEASUREMENTS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $458,069 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Apr 24, 2017 | Apr 24, 2017 | Apr 23, 2020 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF NASA RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT AWARD. FOR THE LAST TWO WINTER SEASONS, A LARGE WARM SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST) ANOMALY IN THE NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN HASCOINCIDED WITH THE PRESENCE OF PERSISTENT HIGH PRESSURE IN THE SAME REGION. THE HIGH PRESSURE RIDGE HAS SERVED TO PREVENT WINTER RAINS FROM REACHING THE WEST COAST OF THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES. AS A RESULT, DROUGHT CONDITIONS NOW EXIST OVER MUCH OF THE AREA WEST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS, WITH LARGE AREAS OF EXTREME AND EXCEPTIONAL DROUGHT IN CALIFORNIA, NEVADA, AND SOUTHERN OREGON. THE IMPACT OF THE LACK OF PRECIPITATION WAS EXACERBATED BY HIGHER THAN NORMAL TEMPERATURES DURING THE SAME PERIOD WHICH HAVE REDUCED SNOWPACK ACCUMULATION AND INCREASED EVAPORATION RATES. THE 2014-2015 WINTER WAS THE WARMEST WINTER ON RECORD FOR MUCH OF THE WEST COAST AND HAD THE LEAST ARCTIC WINTER SEA ICE ON RECORD. GRANTEES PROPOSE TO EXPLORE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE WARM SST ANOMALY, PERSISTENT WEST COAST HIGH PRESSURE, AND THE RESULTING CALIFORNIA DROUGHT. THEY WILL EXPLORE THE HISTORICAL RECORD (IN THE FORM OF SATELLITE RETRIEVALS, ANALYZED IN SITU DATA, AND REANALYSIS DATA) FOR ANALOGUES OF THE CURRENT SITUATION. THESE EVENTS WILL THEN BE ANALYZED FOR THEIR DURATION, PRECURSOR/ BACKGROUND CLIMATE STATES, AND TYPICAL DISSOLUTION. SPATIAL/TEMPORAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS WILL BE USED TO DETERMINE THE CO-VARIABILITY BETWEEN GEOPHYSICAL VARIABLES AND CLIMATE INDICES. INFORMATION GAINED FROM THIS STUDY MAY BE USED TO INFORM WATER, FISHERIES, HYDROPOWER, AND FOREST MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN THE WESTERN U.S. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $149,221 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Sep 29, 2015 | Sep 29, 2015 | Sep 28, 2016 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF PROPOSAL TITLE: CONTINUATION OF INTER-CALIBRATED OCEAN PRODUCTS FROM GCOM-W AMSR2 THIS PROPOSAL IS FOR THE CONTINUATION OF THE AMSR2 OCEAN RETRIEVALS BEING PRODUCED BY REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS (RSS). AS PART OF THE CURRENT U.S. PARTICIPATING INVESTIGATOR (USPI) PROJECT, RSS RELEASED ITS FIRST VERSION OF OCEAN PRODUCTS IN JANUARY 2014. THE PROPOSED INVESTIGATION WILL (1) CONTINUE THE PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE AMSR2 OCEAN PRODUCTS, (2) MONITOR THE QUALITY OF THE AMSR2 BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TB) AND OP VIA ONGOING VALIDATION, AND (3) IMPLEMENT A NUMBER OF IMPROVEMENTS TO ENHANCE THE SCIENTIFIC USAGE OF THE OCEAN PRODUCTS. THE PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS ARE: 1. IMPROVE AMSR2 TB CALIBRATION 2. RETRIEVE SST AND WIND SPEED THROUGH RAIN 3. IMPLEMENT RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) MITIGATION 4. REMOVE SUN GLITTER 5. INCLUDE ERROR BARS ON THE RETRIEVALS ONE OF THE GREATEST CONSEQUENCES OF OUR WARMING CLIMATE WILL LIKELY BE RELATED TO CHANGES IN THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND GENERAL CIRCULATION. DROUGHTS, FLOODS, AND SEVERE STORMS HAVE ENORMOUS IMPACTS ON SOCIETY. OF ALL SPACEBORNE SENSORS, PROBABLY NONE PROVIDE A MORE COMPLETE AND RELEVANT ARRAY OF ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLES FOR STUDYING THESE HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES THAN MICROWAVE (MW) RADIOMETERS SUCH AS NASA S TMI/GMI AND JAXA S AMSR-E/AMSR2. OVER THE WORLD S OCEANS THESE SATELLITE MW RADIOMETERS TAKE HIGHLY ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST) AND WIND, TOTAL WATER VAPOR AND CLOUD WATER, AND RAIN RATE, ALL OF WHICH ARE INDICATORS OF VARIABILITY IN THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND GENERAL CIRCULATION. THIS COLLECTION OF SATELLITE RETRIEVALS IS CALLED THE OCEAN PRODUCTS EARTH SYSTEM DATA RECORD (OP-ESDR), AND IT EXTENDS FROM 1987 TO PRESENT (MW SST STARTS IN 1997). AMSR2 IS A PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE OP-ESDR. IT EXTENDS THE OP-ESDR FOR PROBABLY ANOTHER 10 YEARS AND HAS SEVERAL ADVANCEMENTS OVER ITS PREDECESSOR AMSR-E, INCLUDING ADDITIONAL CHANNELS AT 7.3 GHZ, A BETTER DESIGNED HOT LOAD FOR IMPROVED CALIBRATION, AND A LARGER ANTENNA FOR HIGHER SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS. AS SUCH, AMSR2 REPRESENTS THE MOST CAPABLE MW IMAGING RADIOMETER TO DATE. OTHER THAN WINDSAT WHICH HAS A VERY NARROW SWATH, AMSR2 IS CURRENTLY THE ONLY SATELLITE SENSOR IN OPERATION THAT IS PROVIDING THROUGH-CLOUD SST RETRIEVALS ON A GLOBAL BASIS. MW SST RETRIEVALS ARE ESSENTIAL TO CLIMATE RESEARCH IN THAT THEY ARE FREE OF ATMOSPHERIC ERRORS AND SAMPLING BIASES DUE TO WATER VAPOR, NON-RAINING CLOUDS, AND AEROSOLS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $935,932 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Jun 11, 2015 | Jun 11, 2015 | Jun 10, 2020 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF NRA AWARD. SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST) IS A KEY VARIABLE IN DEPICTING CLIMATE CHANGE, AND THE COMMITTEE ON EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES AND THE WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAM HAVE DESIGNATED SST AS AN ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLE. THERE CURRENTLY EXISTS A 33-YEAR CLIMATE RECORD OF SST INFERRED FROM SATELLITE INFRARED (IR) RADIOMETERS. THE SUOMI NPP VISIBLE INFRARED IMAGER RADIOMETER SUITE (VIIRS) CONTINUES THIS TIMESERIES OF IR SST RETRIEVALS. THE THERMAL IR RADIATION SEEN BY SATELLITE RADIOMETERS IS A PRODUCT OF BOTH THE OCEAN'S SKIN TEMPERATURE AND THE TEMPERATURE OF THE INTERVENING ATMOSPHERE. WATER VAPOR, AEROSOLS, AND CLOUDS ALL CONTRIBUTE TO THE ATMOSPHERIC PART OF THE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT. IT IS NOT UNCOMMON FOR 80% OF THE RECEIVED RADIATION TO COME FROM WATER VAPOR. COLD AEROSOLS IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE CAN SIGNIFICANTLY DEPRESS TEMPERATURE SEEN BY THE SATELLITE, AND UNDETECTED CLOUDS, WHICH ARE COMPLETELY OPAQUE IN THE THERMAL INFRARED, WILL PRODUCE A CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT RATHER THAN A MEASUREMENT OF SST. SST RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS ARE DESIGNED TO REMOVE THE ATMOSPHERIC PART OF THE MEASUREMENT BY USING THE SPECTRAL INFORMATION IN THE THERMAL IR MEASUREMENTS ALONG WITH CLOUD CLEARING ALGORITHMS. HOWEVER, SOME OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE SIGNAL UNDOUBTEDLY LEAKS THROUGH THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM, AND THE REPORTED SST IS A COMBINATION OF THE TRUE SST AND A TEMPERATURE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ATMOSPHERE. WE CALL THIS ALGORITHM DEFICIENCY `ATMOSPHERIC CROSSTALK , AND IT IS BY FAR THE LARGEST SOURCE OF ERROR FOR IR SST RETRIEVALS. ATMOSPHERIC CROSSTALK IS A VERY SERIOUS CONCERN FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH. POSSIBLY THE MOST IMPORTANT ASPECT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY, EITHER ANTHROPOGENIC OR NATURAL, IS THE COMPLEX INTERACTION BETWEEN THE OCEANS AND THE ATMOSPHERE. ONE EXAMPLE IS THE PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION. IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR SATELLITE CLIMATE MEASUREMENTS TO UNIQUELY DISTINGUISH SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY FROM ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY. ATMOSPHERIC CROSSTALK IS A WELL-KNOWN PHENOMENON AND HAS BEEN DISCUSSED IN THE LITERATURE. OUR INVESTIGATION WILL BUILD ON THE PAST RESEARCH AND PROVIDE A MUCH MORE COMPREHENSIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC CROSSTALK, PARTICULARLY AS IT RELATES TO SENSING CLIMATE VARIABILITY. THE INVESTIGATION WILL BE BASED ON THE SENSOR COMBINATION OF THE S-NPP VIIRS AND THE JAPANESE SPACE AGENCY MICROWAVE (MW) RADIOMETER AMSR2. THE AMSR2 MW SST RETRIEVALS ARE NOT AFFECTED BY THE ATMOSPHERE (EXCEPT FOR RAIN WHICH IS EASILY EXCLUDED). ALSO AMSR2 PROVIDES ACCURATE RETRIEVALS OF WATER VAPOR V AND LIQUID CLOUD WATER L. HENCE AMSR2 PROVIDES AN IDEA L REFERENCE FOR STUDYING THE ATMOSPHERIC CROSSTALK IN THE VIIRS RETRIEVALS. USING THE INFORMATION WE OBTAINED FROM THE ATMOSPHERIC CROSSTALK ANALYSIS, WE WILL DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT NEW, PHYSICALLY BASED SST RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS FOR VIIRS. TWO ALGORITHMS ARE PROPOSED: VIIRS STANDALONE AND COMBINED VIIRS AND AMSR2. THE VIIRS STANDALONE ALGORITHM IS A PHYSICALLY PARAMETERIZED STATISTICAL ALGORITHM (PPSA). THE PPSA+AMSR2 ALGORITHM IS AN EXTENSION OF THE PPSA THAT REQUIRES THE AMSR2 RETRIEVALS OF SST, V, AND L. BOTH ALGORITHMS WILL BE DESIGNED TO MITIGATE THE ATMOSPHERIC CROSSTALK ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL TIMESCALES ASSOCIATED WITH CLIMATE CHANGE. THE ANALYSES AND ALGORITHMS DEVELOPED UNDER THIS VIIRS/AMSR2 INVESTIGATION WILL BE DIRECTLY APPLICABLE TO THE MODIS/AMSR-E SENSOR COMBINATION ON THE NASA AQUA SPACECRAFT. AS AN ADDITIONAL-COST OPTION, WE PROPOSE TO INCLUDE MODIS/AMSR-E AS PART OF THE INVESTIGATION. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $824,654 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Mar 4, 2015 | Mar 4, 2015 | Mar 3, 2018 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF NRA AWARD. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK IS TO IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING HOW THE AIR-SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE IS DETERMINED BY EXAMINING THE EFFECTIVE HEAT CAPACITY OF THE OCEAN. THE COLD WAKES GENERATED BY A TROPICAL CYCLONE (TC) ARE IDEAL EVENTS TO EXAMINE THE OCEAN S EFFECTIVE HEAT CAPACITY. THERE IS LARGE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY THAT RECOVERS OVER TIME-SCALES OF A FEW WEEKS, DURING WHICH THERE ARE MINIMAL EFFECTS OF HORIZONTAL ADVECTION. WE ALSO AIM TO IMPROVE SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING OF A KEY ASPECT GOVERNING AIR-SEA INTERACTION BY ESTIMATING THE FLUXES THAT OCCUR DURING A STORM, USING 1 KM SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES (SSTS) IN COASTAL AREAS WHERE ENTRAINMENT OF DEEPER COOLER WATERS IS MINIMIZED. THESE RESULTS CAN THEN BE EXTENDED TO DETERMINE HOW PREVIOUS AND FUTURE OCEAN CIRCULATION CHANGES MAY IMPACT THE AIR-SEA PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH TCS AND OTHER STORMS. THE TWO RESEARCH TOPICS WE HAVE IDENTIFIED (EFFECTIVE HEAT CAPACITY, FLUXES DURING STORMS) ARE SEPARATE PROJECTS THAT UTILIZE MANY OF THE SAME RESOURCES AND CAN BE STUDIED IN TANDEM. TO SUMMARIZE, THIS PROJECT INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING 3 TASKS: 1) EXTEND THE EXISTING REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS (RSS) STORM-CENTRIC DATABASE TO INCLUDE PRE-SATELLITE DATA FROM 1870 PRESENT, AND TO INCLUDE NEWLY AVAILABLE 1 KM ADVANCED VERY HIGH RESOLUTION RADIOMETER (AVHRR) HIGH RESOLUTION PICTURE TRANSMISSION (HRPT) SST DATA (1982 PRESENT). 2) INVESTIGATE THE POST-STORM RECOVERY OF COLD WAKES TO ESTIMATE THE EFFECTIVE HEAT CAPACITY OF THE UPPER OCEAN AND GAIN AN UNDERSTANDING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ON THE AIR-SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE. 3) INVESTIGATE AIR-SEA HEAT FLUXES BY EXAMINING THE IMMEDIATE POST-STORM COOLING IN COASTAL REGIONS, WHERE COOLING IS THOUGHT TO BE DUE PRIMARILY TO AIR-SEA HEAT FLUXES RATHER THAN ENTRAINMENT OF COOLER, DEEPER WATER, WHICH DOMINATES THE SST COOLING IN DEEPER WATER. THIS PROPOSAL UTILIZES A STORM-CENTRIC DATABASE TO STUDY THE EFFECTIVE OCEANIC HEAT CAPACITY USING THE POST-STORM COLD WAKE RECOVERY AND HEAT FLUXES THAT OCCUR DURING A STORM. THIS WORK IS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO CLIVAR (VARIABILITY AND PREDICTABILITY OF THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM) RESEARCH INTO ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF CHANGES IN THE EARTH S CLIMATE, WITH A FOCUS ON OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS. THIS RESEARCH SPECIFICALLY IS FOCUSED ON OCEANIC HEAT FLUXES AND THE AIR-SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE. COASTAL REGIONS WHERE VERTICAL ENTRAINMENT OF COLD DEEP WATER IS MINIMAL WILL BE USED TO EXAMINE HEAT FLUXES THAT OCCUR DURING A STORM. THE OCEAN S EFFECTIVE HEAT CAPACITY WILL BE EXPLORED USING THE RECOVERY OF THE COLD WAKE AFTER A STORM. WE WILL DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE HEAT CAPACITY S DEPENDENCE ON WIND STRESS AND HEAT FLUX. THIS WILL HELP US TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES THAT DETERMINE THE AIR-SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE. THE AIR-SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE IS IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING THE LOWER ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY AND THE HEAT, GAS, AND MOISTURE TRANSFER RATES, MAKING IT AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT VARIABLE FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $453,040 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Mar 4, 2015 | Mar 4, 2015 | Mar 3, 2017 | ||
| IGF::CT::IGF SUPPORTS NASA ARMDS STRATEGIC, ARCHITECTURE, AND ANALYSIS' STRATEGIC RISK MANAGEMENT. THIS TASK ALSO SUPPORTS THE ARMD PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS TASK, BY PROVIDING MISSION DIRECTORATE AND CROSS PROGRAM RISK ASSESSMENTS AS WELL AS COST ANALYSIS SUPPORT. RESEARCH EFFORT ENTAILS: IT IS PROPOSED TO LEVERAGE THE EXPERIENCE OF THE AQUARIUS SCIENCE TEAM TO RETRIEVE SEA SURFACE SALINITY FROM THE SMAP MEASUREMENTS OVER THE OCEAN. THE APPROACH IS TO ADAPT THE AQUARIUS ALGORITHMS TO THE SMAP INSTRUMENT FOR SALINITY RETRIEVAL OVER THE OCEAN, OPTIMIZING THE COMMONALITY BETWEEN THEM, AND ACCOMMODATING THE UNIQUE CONFIGURATION DIFFERENCES. SOME OF THE ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED ARE THE CONICAL SCAN AND SMALLER INTEGRATION TIME PER PIXEL FOR SMAP AND POSSIBLE ISSUES WITH THE MESH ANTENNA AND CHANGING ASPECT WITH RESPECT TO THE SUN AND GALAXY. PRELIMINARY STUDIES INDICATE THAT A SCIENTIFICALLY CREDIBLE SALINITY DATA SET CAN BE PRODUCED. THE SMAP PROJECT CURRENTLY HAS NO REQUIREMENT TO PRODUCE OCEAN SALINITY RETRIEVALS AND THIS PROPOSED PROJECT WILL USE STANDARD SMAP LEVEL 1 SENSOR DATA AS A BASIS FOR COMPUTING LEVEL 2 AND 3 SALINITY DATA. THE WORK WILL BE DIRECTED BY SENIOR MEMBERS OF THE AQUARIUS SCIENCE ALGORITHM TEAM WHO HAVE BEEN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AQUARIUS RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM. THE IMPLEMENTATION WILL LEVERAGE THE SYNERGY WITH THE EXISTING AQUARIUS PROJECT FULLEST EXTENT, EMPHASIZING THE SEAMLESSNESS BETWEEN THE SALINITY DATA FROM THE TWO SENSORS, AND MAKE FULL USE OF THEIR PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MEASUREMENTS. THIS WILL INCLUDE INTER-CALIBRATION BETWEEN THE AQUARIUS PRODUCT AND SMAP SALINITY PRODUCT DURING THE PERIOD WHEN THE TWO MISSIONS OVERLAP AS WELL AS USE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE OF EXISTING AQUARIUS CODE AND DATA PROCESSING RESOURCES. ADVANTAGES OF THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SMAP (E.G. HIGHER SPATIAL RESOLUTION) WILL ALSO BE INCLUDED. DATA PRODUCTS WILL BE DISTRIBUTED VIA PO.DAAC, AS IS CURRENTLY DONE WITH AQUARIUS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $1,461,815 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR21 | Nov 19, 2014 | Nov 19, 2014 | Nov 18, 2017 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF PROPOSAL TITLE: IMPROVEMENTS TO THE VECTOR WIND CLIMATE RECORD USING RAPIDSCAT AS A COMMON REFERENCE AND AQUARIUS/SMAP FOR HIGH WINDS IN RAIN. THIS PROPOSED INVESTIGATION IS A CONTINUATION OF REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS (RSS) ON-GOING OVWST RESEARCH AND PRODUCT GENERATION. AS IN THE PAST, THE RESEARCH IS DIRECTED TOWARDS IMPROVING THE VECTOR WIND (VW) RETRIEVALS COMING FROM SATELLITE MICROWAVE SCATTEROMETERS. THE RESEARCH ELEMENTS INCLUDE (1) THE GEOPHYSICAL MODEL FUNCTION (GMF) THAT RELATES RADAR BACKSCATTER TO THE VW, (2) THE DIURNAL VARIABILITY OF VW PARTICULARLY AS IT RELATES TO THE INTERCALIBRATION OF SCATTEROMETERS AND (3) THE EFFECT OF HIGH WINDS AND RAIN ON VW RETRIEVALS. WITH RESPECT TO PRODUCT GENERATION, THIS PROPOSAL ADDS THE VW DATASETS FROM ASCAT-B, OSCAT, AND RAPIDSCAT TO THE EXISTING COLLECTION OF VW DATASETS FOR ERS-1, NSCAT, QUIKSCAT, SEAWINDS, AND ASCAT-A. WITH THE EVER INCREASING NUMBER OF SCATTEROMETERS IN OPERATION, WE ARE PUTTING MORE FOCUS ON BRINGING UNIFORMITY TO THE VARIOUS VW DATASETS SO THAT THESE DATASETS CAN BE USED AS A COMBINED MULTI-SENSOR PRODUCT. TO ACHIEVE THIS CONSISTENCY, WE WILL FIRST ESTABLISH A COMMON WIND SPEED REFERENCE FOR ALL SCATTEROMETERS. THIS WILL BE DONE BY USING WIND SPEED RETRIEVALS FROM THE LARGE ARRAY OF PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE SATELLITE MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS. THESE MULTI-DECADAL, MULTI-SENSOR WIND RETRIEVALS ARE PART OF THE NASA SPONSORED OCEAN PRODUCTS EARTH SYSTEM DATA RECORD (OP-ESDR). THE OP-ESDR IS A WELL-ESTABLISHED CLIMATE PRODUCT THAT IS WIDELY USED BY THE EARTH SCIENCE COMMUNITY. ONCE ALL VW DATASETS ARE INTERCALIBRATED TO THE OP-ESDR, WE WILL DO A MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS USING NASA S NEW RAPIDSCAT AS A COMMON VW REFERENCE. FOR THE FIRST TIME, RAPIDSCAT WILL PROVIDE AN ABUNDANCE OF NEAR COINCIDENCE COMPARISONS OF VW RETRIEVALS FROM L-, C-, AND KU-BAND SCATTEROMETERS. WE EXPECT THE RAPIDSCAT COMPARISONS WILL REVEAL SMALL INCONSISTENCIES IN THE L-, C-, AND KU-GMFS THAT WERE NOT APPARENT FROM THE OP-ESDR ANALYSIS. BASED ON THESE RAPIDSCAT RESULTS, WE WILL FINE-TUNE THE GMFS AND POSSIBLY ELEMENTS OF THE RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM. THE NEW L-BAND SCATTEROMETER/RADIOMETER SENSOR COMPLEMENTS ON AQUARIUS AND SMAP IN CONJUNCTION WITH RAPIDSCAT WILL ALLOW US TO DO A VERY DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE VW RETRIEVALS IN RAIN AND HIGH WINDS. THE L-BAND WIND SPEED RETRIEVALS ARE INSENSITIVE TO RAIN AND AT THE SAME TIME THEY ARE RESPONSIVE TO WINDS UP TO 50 M/S. THE NEAR COINCIDENT COLLOCATIONS BETWEEN RAPIDSCAT AND AQUARIUS/SMAP MAY PROVIDE THE MOST COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ON THE EFFECT OF RAIN AND HIGH WINDS ON KU-BAND SCATTEROMETERS TO DATE. THESE RESULTS WILL BE FACTORED INTO IMPROVEMENTS TO THE GMFS AND POSSIBLY TO THE VW RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM. ONE CONCERN IS THAT OUR VARIOUS CALIBRATION PROCEDURES AND FINE-TUNING EXERCISES WILL TEND TO DIMINISH OR ALTER THE TRUE DIURNAL VARIABILITY OF OCEAN WINDS. WE WILL ASSESS THIS POTENTIAL PROBLEM BY COMPARING THE DIURNAL VARIATIONS SEEN IN THE COLLECTION OF SCATTEROMETERS WITH THE DIURNAL VARIABILITY THAT WILL BE PROVIDED BY RAPIDSCAT. IF INCONSISTENCIES ARE FOUND, THEN THIS PROBLEM WILL NEED TO BE RESOLVED. ONCE THE ABOVE RESEARCH ELEMENTS ARE COMPLETED AND THE NECESSARY IMPROVEMENTS ARE MADE TO THE GMFS AND RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM, ALL VW DATASETS WILL THEN BE REPROCESSED TO OBTAIN IMPROVED AND MORE CONSISTENT VW RETRIEVALS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $1,283,256 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Sep 15, 2014 | Sep 15, 2014 | Sep 14, 2018 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF RESEARCH TO FURTHER EXTEND AND PMPROVE OCEAN PRODUCTS DATASET BY UTILIZING OBSERVATIONS FROM THE MICROWAVE IMAGER THAT WILL BE FLOWN BY THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MISSION. MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING FROM SPACE PROVIDES ONE OF THE BEST MEANS TO STUDY CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER THE OCEANS. SATELLITE MICROWAVE ALTIMETERS, SCATTEROMETERS, AND IMAGING RADIOMETERS EACH PROVIDE A UNIQUE SET OF CLIMATE MEASUREMENTS. IN PARTICULAR, THE MICROWAVE IMAGER (MI) MEASURES A SUITE OF ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLES, INCLUDING SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST), NEAR-SURFACE WIND, TOTAL WATER VAPOR, TOTAL CLOUD WATER, AND SURFACE RAIN RATE. WE REFER TO THIS COLLECTION OF OVER-OCEAN RETRIEVALS AS THE OCEAN PRODUCTS (OP) DATASET. THE OP DATASET EXTENDS BACK TO 1987, WITH THE LAUNCH OF THE FIRST SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER (SSM/I). SINCE THEN, MANY MORE MIS HAVE LAUNCHED, AND A 27-YEAR OP TIME SERIES NOW EXISTS. THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSED INVESTIGATION IS TO FURTHER EXTEND AND IMPROVE THE OP DATASET BY UTILIZING OBSERVATIONS FROM THE MICROWAVE IMAGER THAT WILL BE FLOWN BY THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MISSION (GPM). GMI WILL LIKELY BE THE BEST CALIBRATED MI TO DATE DUE TO ITS ON-BOARD DUAL CALIBRATION SYSTEM. IN ADDITION, ITS SPATIAL RESOLUTION IS A FACTOR OF TWO BETTER THAN ITS PREDECESSOR, TMI. FURTHERMORE, WE ARE PROPOSING AN ADVANCED TECHNIQUE FOR REMOVING LAND CONTAMINATION SO THAT RELIABLE OP RETRIEVALS CAN BE OBTAINED IN THE COASTAL SEAS. GIVEN THE EXTENDED LIFETIMES REALIZED BY MOST MIS. GML WILL LIKELY EXTEND THE OP TIME SERIES INTO THE NEXT DECADE. WE EXPECT THAT THIS INVESTIGATION WILL IMPROVE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER THE OCEANS, PARTICULARLY WITH RESPECT TO THE COUPLING OF THE OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE. THE REPRESENTATION OF THE EXCHANGE OF MOMENTUM AND ENERGY BETWEEN THE OCEANS AND ATMOSPHERE IS A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE FOR CURRENT CLIMATE MODELS. THIS INVESTIGATION WILL ALSO PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION ON DIURNAL VARIABILITY OVER THE OCEANS. DUE TO ITS INCLINED ORBIT, GMI SAMPLES THE ENTIRE 24-HOUR DIURNAL CYCLE. FURTHER SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIETAL BENEFITS WILL BE DERIVED BY EXTENDING THE OP RETRIEVALS INTO COASTAL AREAS. WITH A LARGE PORTION OF THE WORLD'S POPULATION WORKING AND LIVING IN COASTAL REGIONS, ANY ADDITIONAL SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF COASTAL WEATHER AND CLIMATE WILL BE BENEFICIAL. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $583,217 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AJ31 | Sep 3, 2014 | Sep 3, 2014 | Sep 2, 2017 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF THE AMSR-E L2A BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE (TO) PRODUCT IS A FUNDAMENTAL CLIMATE DATA RECORD OF THE MICROWAVE EMISSION FROM THE EARTH FOR 2002 TO 2011. THIS 100YEAR TB DATASET IS THE STARTING POINT FOR A LARGE NUMBER OF GEOPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS. OVER THE WORLD'S OCEANS, THESE AMSR-E TB MEASUREMENTS PROVIDED SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND WIND, TOTAL WATER VAPOR AND CLOUD WATER, AND RAIN RATE, ALL OF WHICH ARE INDICATORS OF VARIABILITY IN THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND GENERAL CIRCULATION. OVER THE POLAR ICE CAPS, AMSRE MONITORED THE CHANGES IN ICE TYPE, CONCENTRATION, AND DRIFT. OVER LAND, SNOW DEPTH, SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT, FREEZE/THAW INDEX, SOIL MOISTURE, AND VEGETATION TYPE ARE ESTIMATED FROM AMSR-E TB MEASUREMENTS. THE AMSR-E L2A TB PRODUCT IS ARCHIVED AND DISTRIBUTED BY THE NATIONAL SNOW AND ICE DATA CENTER (NSIDC). NSIDC REPORTS THAT OVER 2500 UNIQUE USERS DOWNLOADED NEARLY 15 MILLION L2A FILES SINCE 2008. OF ALL AMSR-E PRODUCTS AVAILABLE AT NSIDC, THE L2A TB DATASET IS THE MOST ACCESSED. SINCE THE LAUNCH OF AMSR-E IN 2002, THE L2A TB DATASET HAS UNDERGONE A NUMBER OF REFINEMENTS: MAINLY TO CORRECT PROBLEMS WITH AMSR-E'S ON-BOARD CALIBRATION SYSTEM AND MORE RECENTLY TO INTER-CALIBRATE THE AMSR-E TBS WITH THE COLLECTION OF OTHER PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROPOSAL IS TO CONTINUE THE MAINTENANCE OF THE L2A TB DATASET AND MAKE SOME MODEST REFINEMENTS AND EXTENSIONS NEEDED TO KEEP IT UP-TO-DATE WITH THE CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF TB CALIBRATION ISSUES, RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE (RFI) PROBLEMS, AND USER NEEDS FOR UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES AND DOCUMENTATION. MORE SPECIFICALLY, THESE IMPROVEMENTS ARE AS FOLLOWS: 1. CHARACTERIZE AND DOCUMENT THE CURRENT AMSR-E TB CALIBRATION 2. ADD UNCERTAINTY INFORMATION TO THE L2A DATASET 3. PROVIDE AN RFI QUALITY FLAG 4. INCORPORATE RESULTS FROM OTHER ON-GOING AMSR-E INVESTIGATIONS AS NEEDED A FINAL REPROCESSING OF THE AMSR-E L2A DATASET INCORPORATING ALL THE RESULTS OF THIS AND OTHER INVESTIGATIONS IS SCHEDULED FOR THE THIRD YEAR OF THIS INVESTIGATION (2016). WE EXPECT THE REFINEMENTS TO THE AMSR-E L2A DATASET PROPOSED HEREIN WILL RESULT IN A MORE USEFUL PRODUCT. THE BETTER CHARACTERIZATION OF THE AMSR-E TB CALIBRATION WILL PROVIDE THE MEANS TO ASSIGN A CONFIDENCE LEVEL TO THE INTER-SATELLITE CALIBRATION PROCESS, PARTICULARLY WITH RESPECT TO DETERMINING INTER-ANNUAL AND DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY. THE ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY INFORMATION (ERROR BAN, TB STANDARD DEVIATIONS, AND QUALITY FLAGS) WILL ASSIST DATA REDISTRIBUTORS, MODELERS, AND SCIENTISTS IN BETTER DERIVING ERRORS ON THEIR PRODUCTS, MODELS, AND SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. THE RF1 QUALITY FLAG WILL PROVIDE USERS WITH A STRAIGHTFORWARD MEANS TO AVOID AREAS OF MODERATE TO HIGH RFI. ALL OF THESE EXTENSIONS, REFINEMENT AND INCREASED DOCUMENTATION WILL ENCOURAGE AND FACILITATE MORE USAGE OF THE DATASET, PARTICULARLY BY NEW INVESTIGAT | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $300,204 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | Jul 9, 2014 | Jul 9, 2014 | Jul 9, 2018 | ||
| IGF::OT::IGF SUPPORT TO PERFORM A REFORMATTING OF THESE DATA AND TO DEVELOP THE METADATA AND DOCUMENTATION NECESSARY TO BRING THE PRODUCTS INTO THE OBSERVATIONS FOR MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT (OBS4MIPS). THE CONTRACTOR HAS BEEN PRODUCING A NUMBER OF EARTH SCIENCE DATA RECORDS (ESDRS) FOR THE PAST DECADE. THESE DATA RECORDS ARE OCEAN-ONLY, GRIDDED MONTHLY MEASUREMENTS OF TOTAL PRECIPITABLE WATER AND SURFACE WIND SPEED AND GRIDDED MEASUREMENTS OF GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES. THE MEASUREMENTS ARE DERIVED FROM A SERIES OF MICROWAVE IMAGING AND SOUNDING INSTRUMENTS FLOWN ON NASA, NOAA, AND EUMETSTAT PLATFORMS. THEY HAVE CALIBRATED THE MEASUREMENTS FROM DIFFERENT SATELLITE PLATFORMS IN ORDER TO MAKE THE COMBINED MEASUREMENTS SUFFICIENTLY ACCURATE TO EVALUATE CHANGES IN GLOBAL CLIMATE OVER THE COMBINED LIFE OF THE MISSIONS INVOLVED, A PERIOD OF 25-35 YEARS. | REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS | $80,947 | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION | — | 541712 | AR22 | May 15, 2014 | May 15, 2014 | May 26, 2016 |